SEKAR REPORTER

Court News from Madras High Court

Give us Good Mothers; I‟ll give you a good Nation”. R.Singgaravelan Senior Advocate

by ·

PRIMARY EDUCATION – A FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT

UNDER ARTICLE 21-A

 

 

  1. Clock Strikes Twelve. It‟s Midnight! I am on the way to my Abode

from the Law Seminar on Democracy!

 

  1. A Walk is felt to be needed for the Digestion of the Rich Food Which may also be the cause for my attending the Seminar?

 

  1. Soon my decision to walk is proved to be a Herculean Task as the

Platform is full of half-naked Men, Women and Children Sleeping, crawling and moving To prove that they are democratic!

 

  1. They exercise their fundamental right to have their shelter and livelihood without any fear ignoring the Fundamental Right of

others.

 

  1. To the shock of My conscience the children, Male and Female, the future architects of our nation are also lying on the Platform in

different pose and posture by the side of their parents with dirty clothes torn here and there in a dirty place and a dust full place

unmindful of their future!

 

  1. Do they have proper Nutrition? Do they have Regular Bath and

Vaccines? Do they have Alternative Clothes? Do they go to school as it is the duty of the Sate to provide Compulsory Education to

them?

 

  1. Million dollar questions burst out from my mind and heart

evaporated in the air in vain Unanswered!

 

 

  1. When these children are not provided with Compulsory

Education whom are provided Under the quota reserved For them and get Reimbursed by the Government for each and every year atleast to the extent of 25% of the total strength of the

students in unaided schools?

 

 

 

  1. The above thought has driven me mad as the real beneficiaries for whom the Court and the Act provide for Compulsory Education are on the road, who are the beneficiaries for whom the schools are reimbursed for providing Free and Compulsory

Education under the quota of twenty five percent of the total

strength of their Students?

 

 

 

  1. Is any of the Parents and the Guardians taken to task for not admitting their child or ward to an Elementary Education in the Neighborhood School?

 

 

  1. When on the State and National Highways it is visible that the children and wards are made to assist their so called Parents and

Caretakers in their avocation for livelihood including begging does anyone of us get down and question for the future Architects?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  1. When the law makes it mandatory that no school shall collect any capitation fees and subject the child or his or her Parents or

Guardian to any screening procedure do we not    experience how many schools even on the birth of a child insist for the

application for Admission?

 

 

 

 

  1. Is the fine of 25,000 rupees for the first Contravention and

50,000 rupees for each subsequent contraventions anticipating that there would be consistent and continuous contraventions by the schools are sufficient to deter the persons behind the screen?

and prevent them from collecting any capitation fees and

following screening procedure?

  1. When the appropriate Government has to make necessary arrangements to prepare Children Above the age of three years for Elementary Education and to provide childhood care and education for all children until they complete The age of six

years how I am able to find them on the road Either fully naked or half naked children in the midnight which reminds me the

time of India‟s Independence !

 

 

  1. Mushroom growth of the schools In the midst of several acres of dry or wet lands In the outskirts of the cities, towns and villages and also on the highways functioning with lot of

promises with the strength of  the reimbursement guaranteed to them To 25% of the total strength of their students under the

guise of education to the poor and Economically Backward. Is

there any effective Machinery to find out whether they actually educate the poor and Economically Backward for which they

claim reimbursement?

 

  1. Is there any effective mechanism to find out whether the reimbursement is genuine And they really educate the poor

children?

 

  1. For the damage caused to the future architects of the

Nation Is fine or minor punishment alone sufficient for making false claims in violation of the mandatory Norms, Rules and Regulations of both the State and the Central Government?

  1. When the Schools Function without even any recognition are liable to be punished only with the fine of one lakh and for further violation ten thousand rupees for each day of violation do hundred schools functioning without any recognition not

warrant deterrent action?

 

  1. When the Apex Court declares that the education remains essential to the life of the individual as much as Health and

Dignity and is an instrument also for the betterment and welfare of the society. Is it not Unconstitutional to deal with the

Enforcement of such a Valuable Right very lightly and allowed nearly hundred schools to function without any Recognition.

 

  1. , Twinkle., Little Star! I recall the rhyme taught to many enjoying the cream of life who have no chance of seeing

the Stars ! But no need to teach the same to my children on the

Platform as daily they enjoy and experience the same as the sky

is their Roof!

 

  1. Summer is hot for everyone but not for our schools as it is a month of harvest of money invested by them in the schools.

 

  1. Not the summer but also the fever for admission of their children in good schools makes the May month a volcano for the parents!

***********************************

The sight of the pathetic condition of the children on the platform and a case against the sudden closure of an International School in 2016 started at Mylapore in 2006 without any prior notice and refund of money deposited by the parents in that School for their children have driven me to write something on the fundamental right under Article 21A of the Constitution of India with my little knowledge on the subject.

       I. PRELUDE : –

(1)       April, May and June are the months causing educational season fever for almost 75% of the total population and out of 75%, 50% of the parents equip themselves for the Interview and the Screening Test to get their children admitted in the schools. The reapeted phone calls for recommendation for admission in any popular school particularly in the school having the attractive word like International, Global, Oxford and Cambridge remind me my duty to caution the parents by this brief writing as I had to appear in a pathetic case for the parents who got admitted then children in an International School at Mylapore, centre place of the Chennai City which was all of sudden closed without even returning the money. The fearful truth is that it was started in 4 grounds without recognition and closed after 10 years without any notice.

 

(2)        KRISHNA MIDDLE SCHOOL, KUMBAKONAM :-

In a Public Interest Litigation filed after the outburst of fire in Lord Krishna Middle School in Kumbakonam District which had taken the life of nearly hundred children, the Hon‟ble Apex Court in (2009) 6 SCC 398 at paras 24 to 29 of the judgment had traced the history of importance given to the education in our democratic country and held as follows: –

“24. Education occupies an important place in our Constitution and culture. There has been emphasis on free and compulsory education for children in this country for a long time. There is a very strong historical perspective. The Hunter Commission in 1882-1883, almost 125 years ago, recommended universal education in India. It proposed to make education compulsory for the children.

 

  1. The Government of India Act, 1935 provided that “education should be made free and compulsory for both boys and girls”. While debating on a Bill in the Imperial Legislation Council in 1911, Shri Gopal Krishna Gokhale strongly advocated that elementary education should be both compulsory and free.

 

  1. Our original Framers of the Constitution placed free and compulsory education in the directive principles.

The unamended Article 45 provided that:

 

“45. Provision for free and compulsory education for children.—The State shall endeavour to provide, within a period of ten years from the commencement of this Constitution, for free and compulsory education for all children until they complete the age of fourteen years.”

 

  1. The Kothari Commission on Education set up by the Government of India in 1966 strongly recommended free and compulsory education for children up to 14 years. The Commission observed that there is no other way for the poor to climb their way out of this predicament.

 

  1. Education occupies a sacred place within our Constitution and culture. Article 21-A of the Constitution, adopted in 2002, codified this Court’s holding in Unni Krishnan, J.P. v. State of A.P. [(1993) 1 SCC 645] in which we established a right to education. Parliament did not merely affirm that right; the amending Act placed the right to education within the Constitution’s set of fundamental rights, the most cherished principles of our society. As the Court observed in Unni Krishnan1: (SCC p. 664, para 8)

“8. The immortal poet Valluvar whose Tirukkural will surpass all ages and transcend all religions said of education:

 

„Learning is excellence of wealth that none destroy; To man nought else affords reality of joy.‟ ”

 

  1. Education today remains liberation—a tool for the betterment of our civil institutions, the protection of our civil liberties, and the path to an informed and questioning citizenry. Then as now, we recognise education’s “transcendental importance” in the lives of individuals and in the very survival of our Constitution and Republic.”

 

At para 33, the Hon‟ble Apex Court has spoken about the duty cast upon the parents of the children in the following words: –

“33. Unlike other fundamental rights, the right to education places a burden not only on the State, but also on the parent or guardian of every child, and on the child herself. Article 21-A, which reads as follows, places one obligation primarily on the State:

 

 

“21-A. Right to education.—The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years in such manner as the State may, by law, determine.”

 

 

 

By contrast, Article 51-A(k), which reads as follows, places burden squarely on the parents:

 

 

“51-A. Fundamental duties.—It shall be the duty of every citizen  of India—

***

(k) who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or, as the case may be, ward between the age of six and fourteen years.”

The Constitution directs both burdens to achieve one end: the compulsory education of children, free from the fetters of cost, parental obstruction, or State inaction. The two Articles also balance the relative burdens on parents and the State. Parents sacrifice for the education of their children, by sending them to school for hours of the day, but only with a commensurate sacrifice of the State’s resources. The right to education, then, is more than a human or fundamental right. It is a reciprocal agreement between the State and the family, and it places an affirmative burden on all participants in our civil society.”

 

       II.      Parents vs. The Schools and the Primary Education under

Article 21-A of the Constitution of India:-

 

Now-a-days the mentality of the parents towards the education of our children, differs from parents to parents. Some of the parents take more interest and care and spoil the education of their children by their over enthusiasm by placing their children in the so called International Schools and some of them do not care for the education of their children and spoil them. Only few of the parents are maintaining the balance and sailing with the mind setup of their children and educating them in the field what they choose in a proper manner in service oriented and Govt., schools and escape from the greedy clutches of the Self Financing Schools functioning with the attractive super structure and ornamental hopes.

 

The first category of parents due to over enthusiasm places their children in the school having been attracted by its name. Most of the parents get attracted by the words „International, Global, Oxford, Cambridge‟ etc., and place their children with great difficulties without even verifying the nature of the syllabus and the status of the School.

 

III. AN INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL IS REALLY INTERNATIONAL IN STANDARD OR ONLY ON BOARD?

 

 

Ground reality taught by an International School at Mylapore, Chennai started without Recognition was closed in  10 years leaving the Students in lurch and search giving cause for a Writ in 2015:-

 

The parents who got admitted their children in one of such International Schools functioned at Mylapore, Chennai – 4 in four grounds approached the Hon‟ble High Court in 2015 that the International school (name avoided) in which their children were admitted was suddenly closed due to the violation of the building rules for which legal taken was taken by a civic organization for the demolition or alteration of the building and as a result the school which had taken the said building on rent without even any respect for the norms prescribed for the school and verification should have made alternative arrangements for the admission of their students in another school or atleast refunded their caution deposit and other amounts collected from their children.

 

The school had taken a stand that it was closed not due to their fault but due to the order passed by the Hon‟ble High Court for the building rule violation. Everyone in this country is very well aware that it is easy to get admission even in professional colleges but not in schools which the parents choose for the welfare of the children and the test is not for the children alone but for the parents at first. So no wonder that the parents rushed to admit their students in that school which ultimately driven them to file a

writ.

 

The Govt., authorities had not filed any counter and at the instance of the High Court, they had chosen to file a counter and in the counter, shockingly an averment was made that the said International School was started without any recognition though it functioned for nearly a decade in the centre of the city at Mylapore a holy religious place and now they could not be able to trace the persons responsible for that.

 

 

 

  1. TIMELY INTERFERENCE BY THE JUDICIARY WITH PUBLIC

INTEREST SPIRIT AND THE STATUS REPORT AND REPLY

AFFIDAVIT IN THAT CASE:-

 

As per the public interest oriented steps taken by the learned Judges initially by Hon‟ble Mr. Justice N. Sathish Kumar and later continuously by Hon‟ble Dr. Justice Mrs. Anita Sumanth who heard the writ petition a status report and reply affidavits were filed and in that shocking statements were fairly made by the Government. Para 9 of the Status Report is more relevant and it is reproduced below:-

“9. It is submitted that the 5th Respondent School was established in a building in a small area less than 4 grounds whereas 6 grounds is the mandatory requirement for running a school. The 5th Respondent School also has not applied for issue of No Objection Certificate and certificate of recognition from the competent authorities. The 5th Respondent School without establishing a school has collected fees from students in violation with the provisions of Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009.”

At para 10, it is stated that the school was closed abruptly without any information to the competent authorities reproduced below:-

“10. It is submitted that the school has sent a communication for payments on 26.11.2014 and the petitioners have paid the charges.

The 5th Respondent school has sent communication to the petitioners to admit in some other school and the petitioners have admitted their kids in the nearest the schools of their choice by paying donations. Since the school has been closed abruptly, without any information to the competent authorities, enquiry could not be conducted.”

 

Thereafter a reply affidavit was filed by the Principal Secretary to Govt., and at para 5 of the following status is given about the schools functioning in the state of Tamilnadu.

“5. With reference to the direction of this Hon’ble Court the following details are furnished.

  1. Total number of Schools in the State of Tamil Nadu are 58801.
  2. The Schools are categorized as Government Schools, Government aided Schools and Private Schools (i.e., Self financing Schools). There are 37,636 Government Schools, 8,323 Government Aided Schools and 12,934 Private (Self financing) Schools. Of the 12934 Private Schools, 4623 are Matriculation Schools, 1504 CBSE Schools, 31 IGCSE Schools, 112 ICSE Schools, 12 IBT Schools and 07 Cambridge Schools”

 

It is claimed that nearly 65 schools are functioning without even any recognition in the reply affidavit filed by the Director of

School Education before the court dated February 2023, and at para 18, it is admitted that 64 schools are functioning and show cause notice has been issued in the following words:-

“18. It is submitted that 10 IGCSE Schools, 50 ICSE Schools, 4 IB Schools which are without certificate of recognition issued by the State Education Department and necessary show cause notice has been issued to 39 schools.”

It is really shocking to note that the schools are allowed to function without even recognition even after the Right to Compulsory Education Act, 2009 and the schools are not submitting the statements even regarding the nature of the syllabus and education adopted by them to educate the students inspite of the introduction of Article 21A under Part III of our Constitution which casts mandatory duty upon the State to educate the children freely and compulsorily.

 

B.REPLY REGARDING THE INTERNATIONAL AND GLOBALSCHOOLS:-

 

In the same reply affidavit for the above grievance at paras 3 and 4 reproduced below there is an answer which is given in ignorance of the definition of „Private School‟ in the Tamilnadu Recognized Private Schools (Regulation Act), 1973 which empowers the authorities atleast to the limited extent to take action against the schools for want of recognition in the interest of the students even before the Act 2009.:-.

“3) It is submitted that upto 18.09.2014, the schools like Central Board of Secondary Education, International Baccuralarate, Cambridge, IGCSE. ICSE affiliated to the boards other than the State Common Board of School Education had applied to the Director of School Education for issue of NOC for affiliation to the respective board.

 

4) It is submitted that in the year 2014, an amendment to Explanation to rule 12 of the Tamil Nadu Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Rules, 2011 was issued in GO Ms. No.144 SE dated 18.09.2014, empowering the Director of School Education for the purpose of grant of recognition/ withdrawal of recognition in the case of Schools affiliated to the boards other than the State Board. Only after the above said amendment, such schools had applied for not only No Objection Certificate for affiliation but also for issue of Certificate of Recognition and they were issued with a Certificate of Recognition by the Director of School Education. Such schools are also required to apply for renewal of recognition every three years by submitting the necessary documents.”

The Status Report filed in that writ would reveal that several crores are being paid to the Schools Aided and unaided private schools including Minority Schools to teach the students of economically weaker sections and there is no mechanism to verify periodically whether the amount received by the schools under 25% quota provided under the RTE Act, 2009 is being spent for the economically weaker students and whether those types of students are available in that school. Most of the schools seem to have been started only for that reimbursement and it is not clarified as to whether such amount was received by the school facing complaint in the writ.

C.ADMISSION FOR THE POOR CHILDREN TO THE EXTENT OF25% OF THE TOTAL STRENGTH OF AN UNAIDED SCHOOL ANDREIMBURSEMENT BY THE GOVERNMENT:-

 

The availability of 25% quota meant for the admission of students of weaker section under which several crores are being reimbursed to the schools has to be published in the popular News Dailies with the name of the school and address so as to enable the parents of economically weaker section to avail the said opportunity. Further the authorities concerned should take serious steps to see that all the schools do provide for the poor students to the extent of 25% of the total strength.

 

The words “compulsory free education” burden the state as well as the parents and caretakers with a duty that all the children from a particular age are to be compulsorily educated. So, it is the duty of the State to deter not only the school to take the students free of capitation fee but also the parents and the caretakers to send their children to school. Unless and otherwise deterrent action is taken we can see most of the children of the poor background only on the platform or road begging for their livelihood.

The Authorities cannot simply say that their duty is over once they provide various welfare measures to the schools without seeing that all the poor children on the street are taken to the schools for whom alone 25% quota is provided under the Act, 2009, and the amount is paid to the schools to the extent of 25% of the total strength of the students believing that they have atleast 25% strength of the poor students.

 

       D.   WELFARE MEASURES PRIVIDED BY THE GOVERNMENT:-

Speltout in the Reply Affidavit:-

 

 

 

 

In the following paras of the reply affidavit of Secretary to Government, Education Department dated 29.01.2023 they have given the statistics of the welfare measures taken for the welfare of the children:-

 

“7. It is submitted that the Government had taken various measures to ensure that the provisions of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 and the Rules made thereunder are complied with in letter and spirit. To ensure 100% access to schools and enrolment and retention of all school age children, all schools in Tamil Nadu have been mapped through Geographical Information System (GIS), New Schools are being opened in places where the habitations are not served as per the norms stipulated in the RTE Act. In places where new schools are not feasible, transport/escort facilities have been extended to 25.346 students across the state in the academic year 202122. Similarly, 1200 students are studying in 14 residential schools located in 9 districts where habitations are located in remote/hilly/forest areas. Also, 61 Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas (KGBV) and 44 Girls hostels are being run in 14 districts serving 9560 girls at a cost of Rs.2283.382 lakhs in the academic year 2021-2022.

 

  1. It is submitted that Section 4 of the RTE Act, provides as follows:

“Where a child above six years of age has not been admitted in any school or though admitted, could not complete his or her elementary education, then, he or she shall be admitted in a class appropriate to his or her age:.

Provided that where a child is directly admitted in a class appropriate to his or her age, then, he or she shall, in order to be at par with others, have a right to receive special training, in such manner. A and within such timelimits. as may be prescribed:

Provided further that a child so admitted to elementary education shall be entitled to free education till completion of elementary education even after fourteen years.”

 

It is submitted that, in order to identify and cater to the needs of out of school children, who dropped out during the covid 19 pandemic period, a large scale ‘door to door survey was conducted in all habitations through a new mobile application. An unprecedented 1,88,487 children have been identified and they were enrolled in ageappropriate classes from standard 1 to 12. During the survey, special focus was given to enroll all Girl/ CWSN/ Transgender children who lost their parents due to Covid19 and children displaced due to the pandemic. Immediately after identification, these children were enrolled in age appropriate classes in nearby formal schools and were provided welfare items viz., textbooks, uniform, school bag, footwear notebooks, etc., These children will be tracked till they complete their higher secondary education. A sum of Rs.869.63 lakhs has been secondary education. A sum of Rs.869.63 lakhs has been spent for carrying out this activity in the academic year 2021-2022.

  1. It is further submitted that in order to ensure that a child admitted to elementary education is provided free education till completion of the elementary education as mandated in the proviso referred to above various welfare schemes are being implemented in the State. The details of the welfare schemes for the year 2021-2022 are as follows:
Sl. No. Name of the Scheme Class Number of

Beneficiaries

(in Lakhs)
1. Text Book 1-12 74.97
2. Notebooks 1-10 62.81
3. School Bag 1-12 74.97
4. Footwear, Shoes and Socks 1-10 60.21
5. Atlas 6-10 6.91
6. Crayon and Colour Pencils 1-5 27.03
7. Geometry Box 6 6.91
8. Special Cash Incentive 10-12 17.50
9. Laptop 11 5.44
10. Uniform 1-8 48.95
11. Bi-cycle 11 6.35
12. Woollen sweater 1-8 1.15
13. Raincoats, Boots and Socks 1-8 1.15
14. Puratch Thalaivar M.G.R

Nutritious Meal Program

 1-8 62.33
15. Accident Relief Scheme 1-12 0.0001
16. Financial assistance for students who lost their bread winning parents 1-12 0.015
17. Bus pass 1-12 23.42

 

  1. It is submitted that, Section 5 of the RTE Act entitles a child admitted in a school, the right to seek transfer to another school. Section 13(1) provides that no school or person shall, while admitting a child, collect any capitation fee and subject the child or his or her parents or guardian to any screening procedure. Section 16 provides that no child admitted in a school shall be held back in any class or expelled from school till the completion of elementary education. Section 17(1) of the RTE Act provides that no child shall be subjected to physical punishment or mental harassment.

 

Section 30(2) of the RTE Act provides that every child completing his elementary education shall be awarded a certificate, in such form and in such manner, as may be prescribed. Accordingly, the Goverment in G.O.(Ms) No 189. School Education Department dated 12.07.2010, issued instructions to the Director of Elementary Education, Director of School Education. Director of Matriculation Schools. State Project Director Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan to ensure compliance regarding non detention of the child till the completion of the Elementary Education, age appropriate admission. extended period of admission, night to seek transfer to another school, prohibiting screening procedure for admission, abolition of corporal punishment and awarding of a certificate on completion of elementary education.

 

 

 

  1. It is submitted that the Government had also issued a notification under section 2(d) and (e) of the RTE Act specifying the children belonging to disadvantaged groups and weaker sections respectively in G.O (Ms) No.174, School Education, dated 08.11.2011. Instructions were issued vide proceedings of the Director of Matriculation Schools in Na Ka No 4039/A1/ 2012, dated 19.10.2012 to all the inspecting officers to monitor the admission of HIV affected children. In particular, the Government had issued instructions to the Head of Departments to take necessary action to sensitize school Teachers and Principals not to deny admission to children affected by HIV. No such case of denial of admission of HIV affected children has been reported by the inspecting officers so far.

 

  1. STEPS FOR THE REDRESSAL OF GRIEVANCES OF THE

CHILDREN:-

 

 

  1. It is submitted that as per Section 35(1) of the RTE Act, the Government in G.O.(Ms) No 271, School Education (C2), dated 25.10.2012 issued orders appointing Nodal Officer and members at the State and District level to monitor the effective implementation of the Act. The Director of Matriculation Schools has been appointed as the Chief State Nodal Officer and the Chief Educational Officer of the concerned district as nodal officer at District level.

 

 

 

 

 

The following duties and responsibilities have been assigned to the State and District Nodal Officer:-

 

 

 

Chief State Nodal Officer District Nodal Officer
 

To submit suitable proposals to

Government as deemed to be fit in consultation with other Directors

  

To address all issued regarding Right of Children to Free and Compulsory

Education Act, 2009 at district level
 

To cause enquiry into any complaints regarding Right of Children to Free

and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 through district committee and evolve suitable redressal mechanism.

  

To enquire all complaints regarding

Right of Children to Free and

Compulsory Education Act, 2009 and submit enquiry report to Chief State Nodal Officer.
 

To assist the State Council for

Education, Research and Training and other academic agencies in

imparting Training to teachers and

School Management Committee members.

  

To have effective coordination with the other agencies involved in the

task of implementation of Right of

Children to Free and Compulsory

Education Act, 2009
 

Any other issues that may arise from time to time.

  

To monitor the training programme of Teachers/School Management

Committee members held at district level.
   

To oversee whether all school implement all the provision of ATE 2009 in the district.

 

  1. It is submitted that, Section 29(1) of the RTE Act provides as follows:

“The curriculum and the evaluation procedure for elementary education shall be laid down by an academic authority to be specified by the appropriate Government, by notification.”

Accordingly, the Government had notified the State Common Board of School Education as the academic authority for the purpose of curriculum and evaluation procedure vide

G.O.(Ms) No.178, School Education, dated 15.11.2011.”

At paras 22 and 23 of the reply affidavit it is averred as follows:-

“22.                     It                     is           submitted                   that           Education      Management

Information System (EMIS) has been created which is the digital backbone of the School Education Department wherein the information of every school, teacher and student in Government, Government aided and Private Schools is maintained on a real time basis. It helps the Government in taking data driven policy decisions. The RTE related claims and other aspects of the verification process along with the financial reconciliation has been enabled through EMIS.

 

  1. It is submitted that Section 21 of the RTE Act provides for the constitution of School Management Committee in all schools covered by Section2(n)(iv). Accordingly, the School Management Committee comprising of parents, local body representatives, school officials, self help group member and educationists has been constituted in all schools to monitor the functioning of schools. Parent Teachers Meetings are conducted regularly in all schools to create awareness of the roles and responsibilities of the parents. Sensitization training on SMC has been conducted for District Officials in all districts (CEOS. DEOS, ADPC, APO. DIET Faculties. DCs, BRTES). Training has been conducted in each school for 5 members including the HM, Teacher, 2 ward members and a Self Help Group Member. An awareness campaign has been carried out with the support of Illam Thedi Kalvi volunteers for the parents and Kalai Kuzhu activities for the community.”

 

 

F. ACTUAL AMOUNT SPENT FOR PRIMARY EDUCATION BY THE GOVERNMENT:-

At para 26 the following statistics is given which would prove the actual amount spent by the Govt., on the primary education in total honour of Article 21A but my concern is as to whether the above amount actually goes to the nearly poor children for whom Article 21A is introduced. It is unavoidable to reproduce the same as it reveals the huge money spent by the Govt., on primary education and hence it is reproduced below:-

“26. It is further submitted that as per the provisions of Section 12 (1) © of RTE Act, the children belonging to weaker sections and disadvantaged groups in the neighbourhood shall be admitted under the 25% quota is set apart for admission. Guidelines had been issued in G.O.(Ms) No. 60, School Education, dated 01.04.2013 and additional guidelines issued in G.O.(Ms) No.66, School Education, dated 07.04.2017 with regard to the procedures and time schedule to be followed in the selection of children belonging to disadvantaged groups and weaker sections for admission to the entry level class under the said section 12 (1) (c) of the RTE Act/ the table below provides the details of the number of children benefited under section 12 (1) (c) of the RTE Act.

TABLE 

 

 

SL. No. Academic Year Number of

Students

 Sanctioned Amount in Crores
1. 2013-2014 49,864 22.77
2. 2014-2015 86,729 69.38
3. 2015-2016 94,811 124.25
4. 2016-2017 97,506 179.53
5. 2017-2018 90,607 248.76
6. 2018-2019 64,385 303.70

Unless and otherwise the word „compulsory‟ is taken note of strictly and the children on the road sides and platforms are taken to the schools, the object of RTE Act, 2009 and various welfare schemes would be defeated and 25% quota amount would only benefit the invisible business people behind the screen who are running the schools. The object is not only to educate the children but to prevent the children from becoming the criminals or victims of the poverty.

       G.             THE NATURE OF RECOGNITION ORDERS:-

The particulars given in the writ petition filed against the International School whose closure driven the parents to file the writ in 2015 revealed that the application for the commencement of classes was given on a particular date and the classes were started even from the earlier date. Almost in all the cases the approval was given only after the commencement of the classes making the approval an empty formality and what was done is a ratification. Thus the provisions of the Tamil Nadu Recognised Private Schools (Regulations) Act, 1973 and the Rules and Regulations framed thereunder are not given any importance at all.

All the recognition orders filed before the court in that writ revealed that temporary recognition was granted for the period of 2 years or 3 years and later it was extended. Some of the schools were given approval with retrospective effect as they were started even before the order and there is no uniformity in granting permission as it was granted even in the middle of the academic year upto the middle of the next year. One cannot understand how a permission can be granted to run the school till the middle of the academic year and the application was allowed to be made in the middle of the academic year.

When the ICSE and other International Schools are dealt with like this very casually, it is not known as to how many State Board, Matriculation Board, Anglo Indian Board Schools, Aided and Unaided are allowed to function like this at the cost of the rights and interest of the children guaranteed under Articles 14, 21 and 21 A of the of the Constitution of India with the money meant for the poor and needy children under Article 21A.

       H.             THE DIFFICULTIES REGARDING THE ONLINE SYSTEM:-

It is not known as to what steps so far are taken by the

Commission under Section 31 and Council under Section 34 of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 and where they are functioning. The common people must know the place of functioning the manner and time of approach and the advertisement has to be given to make even the rural people to understand their rights. The online registrations and the web particulars are not possible to be understood and it is a herculean task in rural areas to get the immediate network.

80% of the population of our Nation and the State is the rural population and the people living in the village and town areas cannot have an easy access to the online process. First of all, it is very difficult to get the online connection in most of the areas and secondly the people in the rural areas do not have any computer knowledge at all.

Above all the complaint through the online is purely left to the discretion of the authorities concerned and the beneficiaries for whom various facilities are provided at the cost of several crores of rupees of the Govt., fund cannot be able to harvest the benefit if there is no response from the other side on the online system.

With my poor computer knowledge the portal mentioned at para 11 reproduced above was attempted to be opened and we could not be able to do so. Then there was a reply from the other side that there is a pass word and all could not have access on all the occasions. Whileso, how a poor villager and a person living in the town areas can operate the system and get their grievances redressed.

Even in the office of the Sub Registrar the registration through the online depends upon the supply of power, availability of signal and the fully charged signal oriented online system. The person who gets the first token given for registration at 10 AM has to wait even upto 5 PM for want of signal and registration is possible only on the availability of signal and I have my own bitter experience on that in my native place which is a Taluk Town. When that is the ground reality we have to think of the plight of the common people in the villages for the redressal of the grievances of their children. Further even after the payment of water tax and sewerage tax online messages in our cell threaten us for the payment again with last sentence that the message may be ignored if the amount is already paid without understanding the practicality that a person may even die of heart attack before going to the last line on seeing the first line of the message.

It is not that I criticize the online system as I don‟t have much knowledge on that but I feel that it is my duty to bring it to the notice of all concerned about the common man‟s difficulties on the online system in our country due to the geographical set up of our country and the over population.

I.   ARTICLE 21-A AND GLORIOUS PROVISIONS UNDER THE RTE ACT, 2009:-

 

When the matter touches the fundamental right of the children and their parents their problems have to be immediately offended  and solved. They cannot be made to wait on uncertain online machineries but on the human beings who would immediately respond to receive atleast their complaints in person and console them first and then take steps by contacting the concerned school.

It is mandatorily required to open an office filled with educated officials and social workers who have knowledge on our education system in every Panchayat and Taluk level to attend to the grievances of the students and parents immediately failing which the large amount allocated by the Govt., for the education would become

meaningless and futile.

At this juncture it is absolutely necessary to refer to certain provisions of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 by reproducing the same for the convenience and guidance of all concerned to prove as to how the so called International School was started in 2006 and closed in 2016 very casually inspite of the availability of those provisions.

Section 12 of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 beautifully speaks about the responsibility of the schools in the following words:-

“12 – Extent of school’s responsibility for free and compulsory education. (1) For the purposes of this Act, a school,-

  • specified in sub-clause (i) of clause (n) of section 2 shall provide free and compulsory elementary education to all children admitted therein;
  • specified in sub-clause (ii) of clause (n) of section 2 shall provide free and compulsory elementary education to such proportion of children admitted therein as its annual recurring aid or grants so received bears to its annual recurring expenses, subject to a minimum of twenty-five per cent.;
  • specified in sub-clauses (iii) and (iv) of clause (n) of section

2 shall admit in class I, to the extent of at least twenty-five per

cent of the strength of that class, children belonging to weaker section and disadvantaged group in the neighbourhood and provide free and compulsory elementary education till its completion:

Provided that where a school specified in clause (n) of section

2 imparts pre-school education, the provisions of clauses (a) to (c) shall apply for admission to such pre-school education.

  • The school specified in sub-clause (iv) of clause (n) of section 2 providing free and compulsory elementary education as specified in clause (c) of sub-section (1) shall be reimbursed expenditure so incurred by it to the extent of per-childexpenditure incurred by the State, or the actual amount charged from the child, whichever is less, in such manner as may be prescribed:

Provided that such reimbursement shall not exceed per-childexpenditure incurred by a school specified in sub-clause (i) of clause (n) of section 2:

Provided further that where such school is already under obligation to provide free education to a specified number of children on account of it having received any land, building, equipment or other facilities, either free of cost or at a concessional rate, such school shall not be entitled for reimbursement to the extent of such obligation.

  • Every school shall provide such information as may be required by the appropriate Government or the local authority, as the case may be.”

Section 13 Mandates that there should not be any capitation fee and screening procedure for admission of the students and it is necessary to reproduce that also:-

“13 – No capitation fee and screening procedure for admission.-(1) No school or person shall, while admitting a child, collect any capitation fee and subject the child or his or her parents or guardian to any screening procedure.

(2) Any school or person, if in contravention of the provisions of sub-section (1),-

  • receives capitation fee, shall be punishable with fine which may extend to ten times the capitation fee charged;
  • subjects a child to screening procedure, shall be punishable with fine which may extend to twenty-five thousand rupees for the first contravention and fifty thousand rupees for each subsequent contraventions.”

Section 15 warns that there should not be any denial of admission to the students in the following words:-

“15. No denial of admission.- A child shall be admitted in a school at the commencement of the academic year or within such extended period as may be prescribed:

Provided that no child shall be denied admission if such admission is sought subsequent to the extended period:

Provided further that any child admitted after the extended period shall complete his studies in such manner as may be prescribed by the appropriate Government.”

Section 19 speaks about the norms and `standard for the school as quoted below:-

“19. Norms and standards for school.-(1) No school shall be established, or recognised under section 18, unless it fulfils the norms and standards specified in the Schedule.

  • Where a school established before the commencement of this Act does not fulfil the norms and standards specified in the Schedule, it shall take steps to fulfil such norms and standards at its own expenses, within a period of three years from the date of such commencement.
  • Where a school fails to fulfil the norms and standards within the period specified under sub-section (2), the authority prescribed under sub-section (1) of section 18 shall withdraw recognition granted to such school in the manner specified under sub-section (3) thereof.
  • With effect from the date of withdrawal of recognition under sub-section (3), no school shall continue to function.
  • Any person who continues to run a school after the recognition is withdrawn, shall be liable to fine which may extend to one lakh rupees and in case of continuing contraventions, to a fine of ten thousand rupees for each day during which such contravention continues.”

The Right of  Children to Free Education and Compulsory

Education Act, 2009 does not stop with burdening the Government, Local Authority and the School to educate the children freely and compulsorily upto to the age of 14 years but it also burdens the parents and guardians with certain duties under Section 10 which is reproduced below:-

“10. Duty of parents and guardian.- —It shall be the duty of every parent or guardian to admit or cause to be admitted his or her child or ward, as the case may be, to an elementary education in the neighbourhood school.”

When Section 8 speaks about the duties of the appropriate Government Section 9 speaks about the duties of the Local

Authority in the following words:-

“8. Duties of appropriate Government.- —The appropriate Government shall—(a) provide free and compulsory elementary education to every child:

 

Provided that where a child is admitted by his or her parents or guardian, as the case may be, in a school other than a school established, owned, controlled or substantially financed by funds provided directly or indirectly by the appropriate Government or a local authority, such child or his or her parents or guardian, as the case may be, shall not be entitled to make a claim for reimbursement of expenditure incurred on elementary education of the child in such other school.

 

Explanation. —The term “compulsory education” means obligation of the appropriate Government to—

 

  • provide free elementary education to every child of the age of six to fourteen years; and

 

  • ensure compulsory admission, attendance and completion of elementary education by every child of the age of six to fourteen years;

 

  • ensure availability of a neighbourhood school as specified in Section 6;

 

  • ensure that the child belonging to weaker section and the child belonging to disadvantaged group are not discriminated against and prevented from pursuing and completing elementary education on any grounds;

 

  • provide infrastructure including school building, teaching staff and learning equipment;
  • provide special training facility specified in Section 4;

 

  • ensure and monitor admission, attendance and completion of elementary education by every child;

 

  • ensure good quality elementary education conforming to the standards and norms specified in the Schedule;

 

  • ensure timely prescribing of curriculum and courses of study for elementary education; and

 

  • provide training facility for teachers.

 

  1. Duties of local authority.- —Every local authority shall—

 

  • provide free and compulsory elementary education to every child: Provided that where a child is admitted by his or her parents or guardian, as the case may be, in a school other than a school established, owned, controlled or substantially financed by funds provided directly or indirectly by the appropriate Government or a local authority, such child or his or her parents or guardian, as the case may be, shall not be entitled to make a claim for reimbursement of expenditure incurred on elementary education of the child in such other school;

 

  • ensure availability of a neighbourhood school as specified in Section 6;

 

  • ensure that the child belonging to weaker section and the child belonging to disadvantaged group are not discriminated against and prevented from pursuing and completing elementary education on any grounds;

 

  • maintain records of children up to the age of fourteen years residing within its jurisdiction, in such manner as may be prescribed;

 

  • ensure and monitor admission, attendance and completion of elementary education by every child residing within its jurisdiction;

 

  • provide infrastructure including school building, teaching staff and learning material;

 

  • provide special training facility specified in Section 4;

 

  • ensure good quality elementary education conforming to the standards and norms specified in the Schedule;

 

  • ensure timely prescribing of curriculum and courses of study for elementary education;

 

  • provide training facility for teachers;

 

  • ensure admission of children of migrant families;

 

  • monitor functioning of schools within its jurisdiction; and

 

  • decide the academic calendar.

 

Section 29 of the Act 2009, speaks about the curriculum and evaluation procedure and it is reproduced below:-

 

“Section 29.Curriculum and evaluation procedure.

 

  • The curriculum and the evaluation procedure for elementary education shall be laid down by an academic authority to be specified by the appropriate Government, by notification.

 

  • The academic authority, while laying down the curriculum and the evaluation procedure under subsection (1), shall take into

consideration the following, namely:—

 

  • conformity with the values enshrined in the

Constitution;

 

  • all round development of the child;

 

  • building up child’s knowledge, potentiality and talent;

 

  • development of physical and mental abilities to the fullest extent;

 

  • learning through activities, discovery and exploration in a child friendly and child-centered manner;

 

  • medium of instructions shall, as far as practicable, be in child’s mother tongue;

 

  • making the child free of fear, trauma and anxiety and helping the child to express views freely;

 

  • comprehensive and continuous evaluation of child’s understanding of knowledge and his or her ability to apply the same..”

 

       J.   LAW LAID DOWN BY THE APEX COURT ON THE VALIDITY  OF

THE RTE ACT, 2009 HOLDING THAT IT IS SAVED BY ARTICLE

19(6) AND THE APPLICABILITY OF THE RTE ACT, 2009:-

 

In Environmental of Consumer Protection Foundation Vs. Delhi Administration reported in (2012) 10 SCC 197 the Hon‟ble Apex Court on RTE Act 2009 at Para 8 at page 244 has observed as follows:-

“8. We also notice that Section 31 of the RTE Act has also conferred certain functions on the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights and also on the State Commissions. Section 31 reads as follows:

“31. Monitoring of child’s right to education:-

  • The National Commission for Protection of Child Rights constituted under Section 3, or, as the case may be, the State Commission for Protection of Child Rights constituted under Section 17 of the Commissions for Protection of Child Rights Act, 2005 (4 of 2006), shall, in addition to the functions assigned to them under that Act, also perform the following functions, namely-
    • examine and review the safeguards for rights provided by or under this Act and recommend measures for their effective. implementation;
    • inquire into complaints relating to child’s right to free and compulsory education; and
    • take necessary steps as provided-under Sections 15 and 24 of the said Commissions for Protection of Child Rights Act.
  • The said Commissions shall, while inquiring into any matters relating to child’s right free and compulsory education under clause (c) of sub-section (1). have the same powers as assigned to them respectively under Sections 14 and 24 of the said Commissions for Protection of Child Rights Act.
  • Where the State Commission for Protection of Child

Rights has not been constituted in a State, the appropriate Government may, for the purpose of performing the functions specified in clauses (a) to (c) of sub-section (1), constitute such authority, in such manner and subject to such terms and conditions, as may be prescribed.” We are confident that those statutory authorities will also examine and review the safeguards for the child’s rights and recommend measures for their effective implementation.”

 

       K. JUDGMENT OF THE HON’BLE 3 JUDGES OF THE APEX COURT:-

 

The RTE Act, 2009 was challenged before the Hon‟ble Apex

Court in Society for Unaided Private Schools of Rajasthan -Vs-

Union of India reported in (2012) 6 SCC 1. The majority view of the 3 Judges Bench upheld the validity of the above Act and made it applied to the following schools at para 64:-

“64. Accordingly, we hold that the Right to Children to

Free                    and                              Compulsory          Education            Act,2009                      is

constitutionally valid and shall apply to the following:-

  • a school established, owned or controlled by the appropriate Government or a local authority;
  • an aided school including aided minority schools receiving and or grants to meet whole or part of it expenses from the appropriate Government or the local authority;
  • a school belonging to specific category; and
  • an unaided non-minority school not receiving any kind of aid or grants to meet its expenses from the appropriate Government or the local authority;
  1. However, the said 2009 Act, and in particular Sections 12(1)(c) and 18(3) infringes the fundamental freedom guaranteed to unaided minority schools under Article 30(1) and consequently applying the R.M.D. Chamarbargwalla -Vs- Union of India reported in AIR 1957 SC 628 principle of Severability, the said 2009 Act shall not apply to such schools.

65.A This judgement will operate from today. In other words,  this will apply from academic year 2012-2013. However, admissions given by unaided minority schools Prior to the pronouncement of the judgment shall not be reopened.

  1. Subject to what is stated above, the writ petitions are disposed of with no order as to costs.”

 

       L. CONSTITUTIONAL BENCH JUDGMENT ON THE RTE ACT, 2009:-

 

(i)       The above judgment of the majority was confirmed by the

Hon‟ble 5 Judges judgment in Pramati Educational of Cultural Trust -Vs- Union of India reported in (2014) 8 SCC 1 with exclusion of one more category of the Schools from the categories mentioned by the majority Judges of the 3 Judges Bench quoted above.

As per the 5 Judges Bench Judgment, the aided minority school is also excluded from the purview of the RTE Act, 2009 the Hon‟ble Apex Court has held as follows:-

“55. …….We are thus of the view that the majority judgment of this Court in Society for Unaided Private Schools of Rajasthan-Vs- Union of India (2012) 6 SCC 1 in so far as it holds that the 2009 Act is applicable to aided minority schools is not correct.

  1. In the result, we hold that the Constitution (Ninety Third Amendment) Act, 2005 inserting clause (5) of the Article 15 of the Constitution of India and the Constitution (Eighty- sixth Amendment) Act, 2002 inserting Article 21-A of the Constitution do not alter the basic structure of the or frame work of the Constitution and are Constitutionally valid. We also hold that the 2009 Act is not ultra vires Article 19(1) (g) of the Constitution. We, however hold that the 2009 Act in so far as it applies to minorities schools, aided or unaided, covered under Clause (1) of Article 30 of the Constitution is Ultra vires to the Constitution. Accordingly Writ Petition (C) No.1081 of 2013 filed on behalf of Muslim Minority Schools Managers Associations is allowed and Writ Petitions (C) Nos. 416 of 2012 , 152 of 2013, 60, 95,106,128,, 144- 145 , 160 and 136 of 2014 filed on behalf of non- minority private unaided educational institutions are dismissed. All the IAs stand disposed of the parties, however, shall bear their own costs.”

In view of the above decisions, it is clear that all the schools except the Minority Schools, fall within the purview of Act, 2009 and hence they are duly bound to comply with the mandatory provisions of the said Act and the Rules.

Inspite of the above law declared by the Hon‟ble Apex Court the RTE Act, 2009 is not at all followed by the Self Financing Schools and there is no effective mechanism to watch the implementation of the Act by them.

 

               (ii)        MINORITY:-

 

The Minority Schools though exempted from the purview of the Act, they should remember that it is they who enjoy the constitutional protection more and so should come forward voluntarily to respect the constitutional protection given to others particularly the children under Article 21-A of the Constitution of India. Above all, the impression is that the Minority Institutions are service oriented and atleast for that impression they have to prove that they serve for the welfare of the children more than of what are provided under the Act.

 

       M.     PORTAL FACILITIES AND PARTICULARS OF THE SCHOOLS:-

 

At para 11 of the reply affidavit of the Director of School Education it is stated that portal facilities are provided in the following words to watch:-

“11. It is submitted that to enforce the above provisions of the Act and rules and to improve the monitoring of the private schools, an online portal tnschools.gov.in. was inaugurated by the Hon‟ble Chief Minister on 31.12.2022. This portal facilitates a hassle free mechanism for the private schools to apply for No objection Certificate, Certificate of Recognition and renewal of recognition. Moreover, progress and status of the applications are made available on a dashboard for senior officials of School Education Department to monitor and ensure that the processes are completed on time.”

At para 12 (II) it is stated as follows:-

“12 (II). The Director of Private Schools shall ensure that the list of recognised schools are published in the official website at district level in the month of April/May of every year for the awareness of the public while admitting their wards in the private schools in their localities.”

“6) It is further submitted that in order to regulate all types of private schools located across the State of Tamil Nadu, a comprehensive Act, namely the Tamil Nadu Private Schools (Regulation) Act, 2018 was enacted and published in the Tamil Nadu Government Gazette on 05.07.2018.”

 

       IV.CERTAIN SUGGESTIONS:-

 

Unless and otherwise not only the Government functionaries but also the parents and the guardians take serious steps in the interest of the future architects of the Nation, against the violators the mushroom growth of the Schools without complying with any norms and the rules and regulations cannot be put on the right track.

  1. First of all the parents should come out of their imaginary impression that it is the school which has chosen to put the common attractive word like Global, International, Cambridge, or Oxford etc., etc., alone is the school which would raise the standard of their children to the International Level at any cost. But, the bitter and not only finger burning but also suicidal truth is that it is those schools of course there may be exceptions alone play a havoc in the life of their children. They should understand that it is not the luxurious comfort or the stylish foreign language in those schools would make the children brilliant on the subject knowledge but the method of teaching with simplicity and morality alone would shape the children to create a Good Nation.

 

 

 

So, the problems started from the parents and they become the cause for the mushroom growth of the schools with the ornamental and attractive words like Global, International, Oxford and Cambridge in the paddy fields, forest like areas and the outskirts of the town and cities at the cost of the life of the future architects of the Nation, who are their own children.

 

With the unaccountable fees and donations collected they put up massive superstructures attractive to the eyes of the public and became soon the “father or mother of the Education enjoying the world class luxury and respect from the Society.

But, unfortunately it is the children who by birth are capable of understanding and learning and who have their own interest to learn are learning depending upon their family background and come up and the rest become the worst victims of the luxurious comfort and loose their life.

 

 

Forgetting the past, atleast after the Act, 2009 and the enactment of so many consequential Rules and Regulations Panchayat, Schools, Government Schools, and the Government Aided Schools including the Panchayat, Panchayat Union and Municipal Schools take care of the children well and those children in character, humility and knowledge exceed the children who come out of the rich International Schools and Self Financing Institutions.

 

 

One must understand that it is not the name International or Global which takes the students to the International or Global Level but the quality of the teaching and manner of life provided to them would lift the students to the International Level Standard.

 

 

  1. Secondly, the recognition of the Schools should be controlled and monitored periodically to find out whether they function as per law. The collection of money from the students even in nick name or trust name should be taken note of and if necessary the authorities have to lift the veil behind the Trust or Organization attached to every Educational Institutions and find out where the money comes from and goes to.

 

  1. Thirdly, because of the word „compulsory‟ used in Article 21A of the Constitution of India not only the appropriate Government but also all the local authorities, parents, care takers and the

Social Reformers should see that none of the children is left on the road or platform without primary education and the punishment for not sending their children to the nearby school should be deterrent which would create a fear in the mind of the responsible persons to send their children to the school.

  1. Fourthly, the Government has come out with various measures as said in their reply affidavits 4 or 5 in numbers as mentioned already and below. But the authorities should bear in mind that their duty is not over by simply providing the redressal mechanisms and it is also their duty to watch and follow whether those mechanisms do function to the expectations to wipe out the grievances of the poor students.

Finally, the Right of Children to Free Education and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 and the Rules and Regulations framed there under should be given a wider publicity on regional languages in villages and towns and the people should be made aware of their rights.

 

The Grievances Redressal Cells should be opened in each Panchayat or atleast in Taluk level and the aggrieved persons instead of waiting to watch the computer should rush physically to the cell and lodge a complaint which alone would defer and keep the persons behind the screen of each school and the Educational Institutions on the right track as ultimately it is those authorities who have to swing into action keeping their children or kith and kin in their mind.

 

In each Panchayat Office and Public Place there should be a Notice Board about the Schools functioning in the Panchayat.

 

 

 

       V.CONCLUSION:-

 

I pray God sincerely that there won‟t be any parent or child atleast upto the completion of their school education which is their fundamental right under Article 21A of the Constitution should be driven to the Court Corridors and made to wait for the redressal of their grievances with total uncertainty about their future which is in the hands of all concerned particularly the Educational Institutions started with lot of promises  including the parents and the caretakers. All the Educational Institutions including the Minority enjoying the Constitutional Protection should understand that they have stupendous responsibilities on their shoulders and they should understand that they do not educate but shape and save the welfare of our entire Nation. That‟s why the world class Warrior and the Conqueror Nepoleon wanted good mothers for the good Nation and declared as follows.:-

“Give us Good Mothers; I‟ll give you a good Nation”.

So, the Schools should be Motherly, Scholarly and Service oriented.

For the Development of our Country.

 

R.Singgaravelan

Senior Advocate

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